Growth and development of each society depends on efficient performance of organizations and as a result, efficient performance of employed personnel in them. Arriving new era, employees are considered as an important source of organization and organizations put them on top to achieve their objectives. They try to correlate ethical and spiritual values with business environments. This study aims to investigate the effect of TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP and ethical responsibility and to determine the mechanism of the effect. From the aspect of nature, this study is applicable and from the aspect of methodology is descriptive-exploratory. Statistical population is middle level employees of Behran Oil Company to collect data, simple random sampling method was used and 174 employees were selected. To get study objects, a standard questionnaire is employed. To analyze data, statistical techniques including correlation test, CFA and structural equation modeling are used. Results reveal that there is a significant relationship between: 1) spirituality in workplace and ethical responsibility in Behran Oil Company, and 2) TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP and ethical responsibility. Further, spirituality in workplace plays mediating role in the relationship between TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP and ethical responsibility.

Transformational LEADERSHIP is a style of LEADERSHIP in which the leader and followers strive to contribute to the success of the organization by encouraging and inspiring to TRANSCENDENTAL levels. The teachings of Islam as a set include various dimensions of Donyavi and Okhravi success of human beings, including attention to the subject of Supervision, LEADERSHIP and interpersonal relationships. The leading article has sought to provide a model of transcendent LEADERSHIP by examining the speeches of the Amir al-Mo'menin (as) as the perfect man pattern and inspired by the transformational model. In order to achieve the components of the TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP model, the text of the Nahj al-Balaghah is analyzed by the method of content analysis. The result of its classification in Maxqda2020 software was 819 primary codes, 186 basic themes, 27 organizing themes and 6 global themes. The results indicate that the TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP model based on the personality of Amir al-Mo'menin (as) includes six main dimensions: strategic LEADERSHIP, interpersonal empowerment, cognitive empowerment, strengthening strategic foresight, development of growth infrastructure and support in individual development. Generally, Alavi’s TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP not only can be a suitable and Islamic alternative to transformational LEADERSHIP, but also it can be introduced to the world as a complete and perfect model, Because the criticisms of the transformational LEADERSHIP style, such as the abuse of power and the lack of attention to ethics, are no longer relevant in the Alavi’s TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP model’s.

The current methods of managing organizations have lost their effectiveness. Excellence-oriented LEADERSHIP is a new paradigm in the field of management, which, as a healing elixir, reminds the managers of organizations that in order to grow and develop, they must take steps towards creating a transcendent organization,TRANSCENDENTAL LEADERSHIP style is a unique type of strategic LEADERSHIP that deals with LEADERSHIP over oneself, LEADERSHIP over others and LEADERSHIP over the organization. Self-LEADERSHIP is a newly emerging field in LEADERSHIP literature, while LEADERSHIP over others has been the dominant focus of LEADERSHIP research. LEADERSHIP over the organization is also a new phenomenon and refers to the LEADERSHIP of non-human elements. The aim of the research was to design an excellence-oriented LEADERSHIP model in medical sciences universities of the country,The research participants for the interview were 14 experts,The purposeful sampling method was snowball type and the basis for determining the sample size was theoretical saturation. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature and exploratory. Based on the philosophy of the research method, the current research is classified as an interpretive paradigm. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews with experts,In order to find meaningful phrases and sentences from the interview text, the qualitative technique of thematic analysis was used,In the first stage, 72 key themes were identified through the combination of the obtained concepts, then in the second stage, 21 unifying themes were extracted through the identification of similarities in the underlying structure of the key themes, and by merging the similar structures of the unifying themes, these themes became 3 overarching themes of LEADERSHIP. In themselves, LEADERSHIP over others and LEADERSHIP over the organization.

This paper examines the work of Immanuel Kant in the light of a new theory on the nature of truth, knowledge and falsehood (the Inversion Theory of Truth). Kant’s idea that knowledge could be absolutely certain, and that its truth must correspond with reality, is discredited by a dissection of the Correspondence Theory of Truth. This examination of the nature of truth, as well as knowledge and falsehood, is conducted with reference to Sir Karl Popper’s writings on regulative ideas, the criterion of demarcation and the principle of falsifiability. It is argued that if truth is to be regarded as certain, it should be used to describe objects and events in the objective (noumenal) state, and that subjective knowledge must contain (and is improved by) falsehood. Perceptions and knowledge are obtained by the biological and evolutionary process of Active Subjectivism. Ideas we have knowledge of can be metaphysical or scientific, according to Popper’s Criterion of Demarcation. Kant’s “Copernican revolution” claim that our intellect imposes absolutely true laws on nature could not allow for the possibility that ideas might be constructed from fallible perceptions, and hence that all knowledge is uncertain. Instead, he developed a Critique of Practical Reason in which religion, though not provable through logical reasoning, could be proved by our innate moral sense, giving us a Categorical Imperative that could lead to perverse results. By rejecting the absolute certainty of a priori knowledge, and admitting a degree of essential falsehood, we arrive at a more reasonable grounding for moral behavior.

Justise is a Word-a Concept and a Phenomenon. The Phenomenon- Concept and Word of Justise is like Politics very easy and at the same time very difficult. Political Justise is Justise in Politics and justly Politics. Political Justise - Justise in Politics and justly Politics is equilibrium between or middle Economic Development and Cultural TRANSCENDENTAL. TRANSCENDENTAL Justise is in front of and against of dis- TRANSCENDENTAL and ordinary Justise or natural Justise and too one dimension Justise and is higher of it. Ordinary or natural and one in dimension Justise is material Justise. Pure material Justise in fact is not Justise. But is external and partial or littele Justise and is imperfect or defective and contradicting Justise or in Justise. Even is likeness and misgiving (of) Justise. Means injustice or oppression and cruelty. TRANSCENDENTAL Justise is perfect and coherence Justise or perfection and coherence in Justise.

Husserl reached a point of crisis on the position of his philosophy and subsequently arose an evolution in his thought in 1906. In addition to his presence in the neo-Kantian atmosphere of universities of Germany, he also read Kant’s work immediately, and this matter provided a ground for him to passage from the happened crisis. The TRANSCENDENTAL turn of Husserl happened through acquaintance with Kant, and his phenomenology found another property in Ideas. Kant influenced him in matters such as “TRANSCENDENTAL reduction, ” “constitution of objects” and “intentional object”, but despite these influences and being some common problems and origins, his TRANSCENDENTAL phenomenology ran a different way. Differences between Kant and Husserl stem from different views about the relation of knowledge and reality. In Kant, on one hand, is preserved our relation with reality, but on the other hand, knowledge bears limitations. In contrast, in Husserl’s phenomenology, we find knowledge more developed and being released itself from Kantian limitations and consequently losing its foundation in reality and goinog on the side of absolute idealism.

Introduction: Ethical LEADERSHIP is LEADERSHIP focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. Ethical LEADERSHIP can add value to businesses by motivating employees and fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical LEADERSHIP and cooperative social responsibility and the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management and Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical LEADERSHIP has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility and ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical LEADERSHIP has an indirect and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical LEADERSHIP can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate and align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical LEADERSHIP leads to greater employee satisfaction and collaborative responsibility and leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

One of the important topics that has made thinkers of the philosophy of religion contemplate by its own nature or as a reaction to constructivists – who believe in the subjectivity and non-objectivity of God – is the reality  or – more scientifically stated – objectivity of the TRANSCENDENTAL Being. ‘Allāma Ṭabāṭabā’ī is one of the thinkers in this arena the rereading of whose thought can help explain his approach to the question of God’s objectivity. After the explanation of the theoretical framework of objectivity, we have explained, reread, and analyzed ‘Allāma’s thought in the domain of God’s objectivity. The results show that ‘Allāma has addressed objectivity in the discussions of ontology, epistemology (on the accuracy of beliefs related to God), and semantics (on the congruence of propositions with the External Being of God as a true and real Matter). The triple concepts of objectivity – i.e., TRANSCENDENTAL Being, TRANSCENDENTAL belief, and TRANSCENDENTAL proposition – in ‘Allāma’s thought means that God’s Being and Essence is independent from mind (TRANSCENDENTAL Being), the belief or statement about God is metaphysically objective (TRANSCENDENTAL epistemology), and the proposition about God can be evaluated by checking its truthfulness/falsity (TRANSCENDENTAL proposition).

Particular views have been proposed on soul's powers and their functions when analyzing and criticizingpure intellect, especially in TRANSCENDENTAL inference.The existence of particular elements and method of psychology in thefirst critiquehas led some Kantian scholars to discuss TRANSCENDENTAL psychology and its validity and significance. The TRANSCENDENTAL psychology ofcritique is neither the authenticity of psychology nor apparently intellectual psychology and applied logic. Rather, it discusses prior elements and components of cognition which are rooted in human soul. However, we cannot deny the existence of important common features between TRANSCENDENTAL psychology, discursive psychology and epistemology. Since TRANSCENDENTAL psychology discusses soul's powers involved in acquiring knowledge, it also discusses kinds of ideas and the doctrine of self-understanding. The present paper tries to introduce and evaluate Kant's TRANSCENDENTAL psychology.